Chinese chess and chess, Chinese chess and the comparative study
comparative study chess
Huang Chen * March 2004 (* Address: Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry Laboratory, Fudan University, eMail: webmaster@elephantbase.net) < br> Abstract
many chess fan also good at Chinese chess and chess, a chess enthusiast team is now growing. Chinese chess and chess, there are many similarities, there are also many differences, some people may want to ask the two to learn chess hinder each other, or independent of each other, or mutually reinforcing? This answer is clearly mutually reinforcing, for the need of Chinese chess and chess do systematic comparative study. Comparison of two purposes, first, to find common ground with each other technically, making learning not to repeat the effort spent, and second, to identify significant differences between them, making the players in the technical mastery Buzhi Yu confusion, by comparing to a deeper impression, so players will technical characteristics would be better to master.
Keywords
Chinese chess, chess, comparative study
an overview of
1. origin of Chinese chess and chess
are formed in the year around the 5th century, the structure of pieces from the board and the point of view, the homology of the two chess is not in doubt, compare the authority to say that the current chess originated in India, from India to China. Many Chinese scholars hold opposing views, So have a lot of archaeological research on this, differences are also high. divisive for two reasons, first, insufficient foreign exchange archeology, and second, there is hope the Chinese chess originated in China's subjective will. No matter how the views , were indicative of very early Chinese and Western cultural exchange, the formation of chess is a product of cultural exchange.
2. cultural background
chess moves for each piece are symbolic, they are more or less reflected the prevailing social values, cultural backgrounds of many of chess, their views are consistent, Chinese chess is more a reflection of the feudal system for thousands of years imprisonment, while the chess reflects the early stages of Western capitalism history background. (reference papers > easy to learn as Chinese chess, and the Chinese population, so China's mass base than chess chess wide. As for the international popularity of chess in Europe and America than in China, Chinese Chess penetration, it must be much worse. because of the international the difficulty of chess, in order to master the moves to go through more formal training, but not everyone has the opportunity to receive such training, as well Go popularity in China as not.
4 .
chess social values, including many aspects of social value, it is a form of entertainment, a kind of intellectual development of the game, it can develop the ability of people to make decisions, exercise capacity of people to take winning or losing, and so on. Meanwhile, the chess also has other roles, such as newspapers often publish chess row Bureau, Bureau of the creation and scheduling solution process is the creation and appreciation of poetry as process, in this sense, chess is an art, Chinese chess at this point particularly conspicuous. In the electronic age, the human brain and computer chess contest has become a platform, since the challenge of chess chess champion Garry Kasparov IBM's people than a brain and the computer compete with, but the commercial interests which seek, in this sense, chess again participate in economic activities, which is the leading chess chess is much more than China.
5. study
many chess fan also good at Chinese chess and chess, a chess enthusiast team is now growing. Chinese chess and chess, there are many similarities, there are also many differences, some people may ask, between the two chess learning is hampered , or independent of each other, or mutually reinforcing? This answer is clearly mutually reinforcing, for the need of Chinese chess and chess do systematic comparative study. Comparison of two purposes, first to find each other common technology, making learning not to repeat the effort spent, and second, to identify significant differences between them, making the players in the technical mastery Buzhi Yu confusion, by comparing to a deeper impression, so players would technically features are better grasp.
Second, the value of
sub force in order to be Chinese chess and chess studies comparing the value of sub force, listed first child of two chess strength value.
pieces range name red and black sub-force value
start in the corner of the Central Bureau of edge pieces
handsome resemblance to 432 --- Shishi 4-1122 42-223 Mama 8/6/4 4 / 3 2 4 5 5
trucks 17 17 17 10 10 10
artillery guns 17/13 17/14 17/15 5 5 6
pawns 1 / 3 1 / 2 1 2 1/3/5 3/2/1
form a sub-power value of the Chinese Chess Table
Description:
1. activities
(1) activities in the range of values is the size of active area, in other words is a pawn up to several moves;
(2) horse activities in the central and sub-edges are different;
(3) methods and activities of gun attacks in different ways, so the range of different activities and attacks;
(4) soldiers across the river before and after crossing the different range of activities.
2. start of the sub-power value: the value of marking the start of the sub force when the pieces start to the role of force in general sub-sub-value should be dispatched as soon as possible;
3. the Board sub-strength value
(1) the Board against the sub-sub-value is the value of force, of course, this is not against the sub-value is fixed;
(2) soldiers in the river before and after crossing the river against the child has a different value, enter the nine palaces while the highest value;
(3) the value of the different forces erupted in the situation will be different, for example, a double car in the other cases, significantly higher than the value of the phase Shi The value of high, and the other a double gun case, significantly higher than the value of two-phase two-Shi Gao;
(4) a combination of arms when in the Council will produce different values, such as double the value of official or obvious phase higher than the official single phase, slightly higher than double the value of horse artillery horse or two guns (of course this is not the absolute), the two armies apart than the value of the joint high;
4.
the value of the pieces of the sub force (1) the outcome of the pieces follow the This is not absolute;
(2) soldiers in the mess value depends on the location of troops, the lowest end of soldiers, followed by lower soldiers (sub-bottom and bottom third line), high forces (higher location) maximum;
(4) with the very alone Shi (2 points), etc., three high-soldiers (9 points) won Shi-phase full-(10 points) and so, the error is not greater than 1 point;
(5) Can the offensive to win also on Fangshou side pieces of the location, such as cycling (10 points) on the two-horse (10 points) or horse duplex (11 points), and only occupies a special position of the defender could only pieces and keep.
for chess, a similar form can be found in any basic tutorial, here is no longer listed. chess against the value of a good sub-calculation: after mm9, car mm5, phase mm3, MA mm3, soldiers mm1. Of course, there are several points to note: < br> 1. start to the principle of just the opposite with the Chinese Chess mm out the value of a small child before and after out-value sub;
2. consider the lattice as the value of complementary bipolar mm and double horse than the horse as high;
3. soldier to consider when the pieces of value-added, value-added to several factors: (A) whether the passed pawn, (B) whether there are roots, (C) the distance from the bottom line, (D) liters of declension, value-added The maximum value is 8;
4. endgame situation is complex, with the order to win a single king.
following on Chinese chess and chess pieces for comparison:
the only Chinese chess and chess moves exactly the same car, so you can set the value of the car for the same sub- value (10 points), so that China can be compared to chess and chess.
Chinese chess chess
Value Quantity Value Quantity
soldiers (and death) 1 5 2 8
sub-Shi Shou ( ±) 2 2 - -
phase (as) 2 2 - -
lepton horse artillery 5262 52 - elephant - 62 heavy carts after 10 2 10 2
- 18 1
total value (both sides) 106 32 156 32
board size of 90 64
Table II Chinese chess and international chess strength value comparison can therefore conclude
: Chinese chess chess board than the large, but sub-total power smaller than the value of chess, so the many features.
battlefield firepower density of mutual forces likely to result in a breakthrough, a feature that the characteristics of the formation of a Chinese Chess Board mm in the exchange that when the situation is easy to form, even kill. Therefore, the Chinese Chess more emphasis on the kill method, more in the middle game chess game ended, few opportunities to enter the mess.
battlefield firepower density of mutual forces likely to result in consumption, so the Bureau of chess in the sub-power process is frequently exchange process, it is easy to enter the mess. In this sense, chess is more emphasis on sub-force value, which usually brings up the pieces. On the other hand, relative to the killing method, the pieces of the technology is more important. < br> Third, the role of chess pieces and board of the formation
Chinese chess and chess most of the correspondence between child can create, this correspondence can be determined based on the role of pieces: Shuai (will) (Chinese Chess) mm King (chess), Ma mm horse, car mm cars, guns mm as (later to explain why the gun and the like correspond), soldiers (soldier) mm soldiers. correspondence between these, only the car and the walk is completely the same, the difference between the other piece moves to form a Chinese chess and chess on the different formation. This is mainly in the following points:
1.
range of pieces some pieces of Chinese chess occupies a fixed location (referred to as completely different, any piece (except soldier) can be any location all over the board, so the activities of sub-force .
2.
line and the formation of Chinese chess as (the gun) and Panax Road (end of gun death, Five Seven guns, etc.), vehicle gun activities conducive to the line is two eight (straight trucks, closed cars into the cannon, etc.) and forty-six Road (also called ribs Road) (cross-car , Shi-angle guns, five or six guns, etc.). natural line focus of contention between the two sides, including straight lines and horizontal lines. there is no natural line of chess, all the lines have all been closed by military array, will produce only half of the exchange forces Open lines and open line, so the line is artificially opened to the occupation lines, the first to use the opening line of tactics.
3. soul piece
walking method and method of attack is called the soul of different sub-pieces. we all know, the International Chess is the soul of soldiers, and Chinese chess in such a reference is not much, but both start, the pieces or kill method, the use of guns is rich can not match the other pieces, so the soul of Chinese chess title shot, these words is not too much.
4.
whether the board is three-dimensional chess or chess, the board is flat, why is it called straight and horizontal line, there a third way. It is clear that the third dimension is a chess slash, relatively complete form in the case of soldiers, the slash is the first to consider the development of the line, the main artery of international chess. China There are three unique chess concept mm Matui, like eyes and gun rack, when in close combat, these three inevitably dominate the development of the situation, hidden in the criss-cross lattice, it is hard to figure things out, this is the situation in Chinese Chess the complexity of the office is also the fun of Chinese chess. In the international chess and Chinese chess .
defense system in Chinese chess, the handsome (to) rely on official (who) and phase (like) to protect, so in the beginning and end stages often propped Shi (Shi) and phase (like) to ensure Shuai (to be) safe. chess castling the king was after the change to the g line, fgh three soldiers assume the role of protecting the king, to ensure complete Bing-shaped, g or h soldiers, soldiers will straighten a frame. < br> 6. Shuai (to be) or the status of
Wang Shuai (to be), or the king is the symbol of victory, it was considered handsome (to be), or the king is simply to is very one-sided. In chess, the king of assists role is very clear that all the pieces, reason. Chinese chess in the handsome (to be) a lot less charm, is no role in the attack.
Chinese chess pieces chess set range of activities from the domain
field lines and formation of natural line array from the soldiers opened artillery pieces line
soul three-dimensional chessboard Matui, like the eyes and gun racks straight line, horizontal and diagonal
defense official (who) and phase (as) soldiers form
Shuai (will) or the status of the king's puppet was placed under house arrest for Yu Jia foreign crusades < br> Table Three Chinese chess and chess moves and the formation characteristics of
four, special moves and special rules of Chinese chess and chess
the biggest difference is the special moves and special rules.
Chinese Chess In addition to a relatively handsome and will not directly outside, no other special moves. chess, there are three special moves mm castling, eaten way soldiers and soldiers l change, each have a lot of special moves provisions in the introductory tutorial on chess are introduced, such as However, the situation appears to repeat the game of chess can not go on, you need to use very cumbersome to write the rules. And chess is just the opposite, a very complicated special moves, but the duplication of the situation has a very simple rule Shique mm-operation and change.
a special rule otherwise there was no mm Sub-moving situation, which is on the Chinese chess and chess different standards to judge the outcome, the former called sentenced to two draw. In chess, the to seek a draw with a variety of tactics, these tactics referred to as .
for Method: A. long to kill; B. Long to smoke eat; C. the number of children to catch a really long roots; D. One will be a catch; E. points to catch more children.
a few cases can be seen from the above, China rules the rules of principle stronger than Asia, as long as there is profit in the process hit the behavior, such as kill, to smoke to eat, catch a true root cause of many children, even if the long fight against the law. However, the rules of the judging method of Asia simpler than the Chinese rules, the referee in the absence of a network game, the computer can determine the will, to catch the direct attack of the law, and for the kill, to smoke food and other indirect attacks, the computer is difficult to judge, so the feasibility of the speaking, the Asian rule is more reasonable than the Chinese rule.
Therefore, in the game process, the game must understand the rules, the level of understanding include the following levels:
1. familiar with the rules is expressly prohibited the law, to avoid unnecessary forfeit;
2. familiar with the provisions of the same rules of the law-operation and to avoid a situation of opponents in the advantages of contracting and the use of rules, such as soldiers and the long catch to allow the law (China rules and regulations of Asia such rules), long in the face of rival military forces to catch, and their dominant situation, we must take the initiative and changing, otherwise it will contract and;
3. good plan to take advantage of the rules and tactics, which is for the purposes of the rules in Asia. For example the situation at a disadvantage in the case of manufacture of opponents to fight the long fight can not be avoided, for example, to kill a long, long to be drawn to eat, one will be a catch, etc. This is the plan and chess tactics is similar.
4. grasp the rules of operational methods, the rules allow the case number of steps consumed by the long call, to gain time, which is for the purposes of rapid games. usually after a long fight, allowing the same The situation repeated three times, when the situation occurs when the fourth repeat to the judge or the sentence and to forfeit. So when my hours, for example, need to finish within 30 seconds of step 5, you can consider create a long fight, 3 repeats the situation on the consumption of six rounds, so you can secure a total period of the next.
five start
either chess or Chinese chess, players start yes the content of the most studied, and the start Chess books about books in the largest proportion in the.
start system, whether rich, they must follow certain Bureau of principles, including: A. sub force out the order; B. sub-regional force control; C. sub- force coordination and cooperation; D. Shuai (to be), or the safety of the king.
comparing Chinese chess and chess, the two principles are not exactly the same.
First, the order of the two sub-force deployed the largest difference between mobilized Chinese Chess requires first baryon, the reason is two moves of the If the baryons out too early, you can be able to re-sub under exposed at the front of the fire, but thrown into passivity.
Secondly, the sub-range force control are very different, pay attention to China's occupation of chess channel, because the sub force is Chinese Chess ; set domain region is on the commanding heights of the board, so start competing centers became the focus.
As for the sub-force coordination and safety of the king, the principle is not very strong. finicky child soldiers form the full force of mutual insurance or will affect the sub-speed, losing battle or lose the upper hand, over-protection of the same king.
the last to point out that, in principle, there is a focus. Chinese chess is more focused on the child's speed, and focus more on chess coordination in the sub force, especially soldiers, the complete form. see below a start:
1. artillery guns 8 second level five level 52. cannon into four? ± 4 into 5
3. Ma binary 8 into 74 three-horse. cannon back the second car 9 level 8
red side bombarded the death, resulting in a strong offensive, but the car did not take timely and direct channels, resulting in loss of the first. The reason is that the red side 1,2 , 4 rounds took 3 moves, the effective number of steps is actually a 2-step, the relative loss of a step for Black.
of chess, the importance of a child for a lot less speed to see a start in the following :
1. e2-e4 horse g8-f6 2. e4-e5 horse f6-d5
3. c2-c4 horse d5-b6 4. d2-d4 d7-d6
5. f2-f4 This is a Ah Xin Liao
defense in four of the mutiny case, four white soldiers advance, and the control center, but moved only a black horse and a soldier, and the location is not good, but not this an advantage, said White, Because Baifang Bing bad shape, are vulnerable to counterattack. Black Vault is the expense of a continuous three-step steps to destroy Baifang Bing-shaped, it should be said to be quite satisfactory.
start system in accordance with Chinese chess array of both shape to name, just get in the side of the formation is usually the main gun, flip side common formation are: screen horse, anti-Ma Temple, cis guns, artillery and other halfway through the column. sometimes just get a waiver of the gun, then the formation there will be reciprocal, such as fly as the horses turn the upper hand against the left in the gun house and so on. It should be noted that the order of the child has little influence on the formation. such as the screen on the artillery horses, usually the first left-horse jump jumping the right horse, but can also turn jump start to end by way of iso shortage of examples.
chess system can start to use way
e4 e5 Ma Ma f3 c4 c6 like Italian names
start start as names
d4 b5 Spanish place names in Scotland start in the Russian defense f6
horse names names
d6 Philidor Defense f4 kingside Gambit as c4 start a law
start a law
d5 as the Scandinavian names
c5 Sicilian Defense Defense Defense names names
e6 France
d6 Wufei Mu Zaitsev names
c6 Carolina defense - defensive names
Kahn Liu Xin Ma f6 A defensive names
d4 d5 c4 wing gambit after the start of the method
e6 start a law to force
Dutch Defense names
f5 f6 hh horse evolved in England for a variety of start
c4 names
b4 start
Table IV Polish names beginning chess tree
start a few points to note:
(2) If the start branches of the tree selection by the white side, often referred to as Therefore, the Tree Chess does not exist fire chessboard density, sub-force activity is relatively localized, the order can be more flexible when the lineup, different end by the situation way more. Therefore, when you start to grasp the general features of the formation, not rigidly adhere to chess timing is right.
the contrary, the international chess board fire density, sub-power activities from the field, will appear in the lineup during the cut and thrust of the situation, so the child can not change the order, the walk away from chess to be very careful Otherwise, the slightest mistake will fall into a passive. In this sense, the complexity of beginning in the international chess vividly manifested in the beginning to do an article on the extremely rich.
six tactical tactical
is Art of War for tactical war games on the same also applies, so the Chinese chess and chess players the basic tactics are largely the same. often more than twenty kinds of tactics have the following:
(1) tactics against the child: through against the son, achieve comes first, wins potential, a son and other positive purpose or simplify the situation and resolve the offensive, seeking a draw such negative purposes;
(2) tactical sacrifices: by sacrifices to achieve comes first, wins potential, into the Bureau for killing, etc. purpose;
(3) after the first discard to take tactics: is a complex tactics against the sub-form, in the abandoned child and the child process to get back to more effectively achieve their goals;
(4) double blow to the tactical : The so-called combat, is to, kill, catch, to smoke or try to eat the other trying to win a means of profit. a double blow to a wide range, including catching double, pumping the other is to seek sub-power advantages of the most commonly used means ;
(5) Blitz Tactics: This is out of the way after the child before the child exposed to attack tactics (in Chinese chess, the Matui, like the eyes of children, also known as lightning flash), while another form before the child were blow, such as the selection bit to do to kill, pumping son, interception, is the most typical double blow tactics;
(6) leveraging tactics: the main use of such tactics in the Chinese chess in a long number of days to rely on force, with flash approach to scheduling the sub force, is a special kind of lightning;
(7) Frustration of tactics: Also known as the and do kill, etc.) to win the important steps;
(8) tactical maneuvers: a chess piece when they have other pieces of the offensive line blocking, you can use coercive means to remove the child, no loss of steps It is a special application of tactical frustrated;
(9) On Line Tactics: The main tactic used in chess, through the exchange soldiers for open lines, open up the situation;
(10) blocking tactics: In the attacks or potential attacks on the other side there is the case, with their own pieces to intercept the other's attack line, if used in conjunction with the blitz tactics, won the important steps to achieve the purpose, then referred to as temporary blocking, if the intercept of the pieces in the other piece protection, to form an effective barrier, it is called permanent intercept;
(11) and the trapped sub-block tactics: blockade is the use of force to set fire a long number of days the blockade, so that the other sub-regional force can not enter from another area, sleepy child is the formation of the pocket with multiple sub force, the force of the other sub-limit within a small range;
(12) contain the tactics: long number of days with an indirect threat to force the king, queen, vehicles, and other important pieces to make them The pieces can not leave the line, loss of freedom of movement;
(13) outflanking tactics: If you encounter when sub-power operation to intercept or block the other side, consider using blockade, this tactic for Chinese Chess horses and soldiers in the attack, and the king of chess assists;
(14) to attract and divert tactics: attracting force is introduced to other children their own pocket, the object usually Shuai (will) or the king away from the object of attack or defense is the key to the other pieces, the way to make it out through the Tiaohulishan jobs, attract and away from the different purposes, but the coercive means are the same;
(17) the solutions will also tactics: the use of flash will also be a means of pads in the same time should be given the other generals, such a method is called solution will also, it can resolve each other's pumping will be done and kill the threat;
(18) plan and tactics: In the situation of disadvantage and local circumstances to seek tactics, often rely on against the child to achieve, plan and tactics in chess but also to seek long-will or Bihu, Chinese chess in the long drop and a long catch is prohibited with the law, but the rules can be used to create rules to allow long to kill (Asia rules allow), the same long bar and other law-operation and the significant.
Despite these tactical chess and chess in China use on both, but use different means and focus, the following list to illustrate.
tactics Chinese Chess leveraging tactical chess
do kill, behind the common use of small
Council open line tactics to break the situation more than the usual tactics of outflanking tactics
mainly horses and soldiers of King circuitous detour mainly < br> destruction of tactical destruction Shi (Shi) phase (like) damage to military and tactical shape
rely mainly on seeking to achieve than against the child against the child, but may be seeking a long table or Bihu
five Chinese chess and chess tactics difference
In fact, the tactical use of a combination with each other, mutual tolerance and mutual coherence, independent of the tactics do not exist, so there is no system of classification of tactical, more than the sum of a variety of tactics is not very comprehensive. Bureau of confrontation in the process, do not rigidly adhere to a particular tactic, the key is adaptable, integrated use.
seven, in the endgame strategy
As mentioned earlier, Chinese chess and chess differences in style Obviously, Chinese chess in the Board the opportunity to do more to kill, and kill a lot of specific law, known as . Double car threatened to kill Shi, D. hanging wildebeest - octagonal horse killed, E. FML horse kill, F. side to kill the tiger, G. fishing horse - the cart and killed the column, H. Ma Yin Quan double kill, I. belated effort to kill, J. heavy artillery to kill, K. world guns to kill, L. boring to kill, M. dual will be killed, N. iron bolt to kill, O. Two Ghosts shoot the door to kill, P. sword cut out the heart to kill, Q. folder car gun to kill, R. Shi trouble killing the three vehicles.
in chess, in addition to kill the king on the bottom line is boring, but almost could not find a specific law to kill, and kill the king of the method is usually built to kill net kill the network can be, the cars, like other remote sub-power blocking line, but also can be caused by soldiers matrix composed of the pocket, with no special set-style, so do the killing rather difficult, requires accurate calculation and superhuman courage.
Chinese chess and chess for the different characteristics of the development strategy in the mess should have different guidelines. Chinese Chess first of all consider each other to die, so, after an edge in the sub force, as much as possible for the opponents to create more trouble for using the number of children do kill incoming edge, a quick fix. chess is very different sub-power advantage of the weak can play a decisive role in the mess, so to simplify the situation through the child against the choice to become.
According to the guiding ideology of Chinese Chess quick-fix can be formulated the following operational strategies:
(1) in the Bureau of the preferred goal is to checkmate each other, to achieve this goal at all costs;
(2) ability to obtain sub- advantage, as much as possible to strengthen the attack sub force to further expand the advantages;
(3) in the other Fangshou solid, Shi (Shi) phase (as) is not missing, the sub-power advantages not win against the child to avoid ;
(4) one can be against child inferior to seek and the Board, or even ...
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