Mr. Wang Yuanhua On the complexity of liberalism

 Mr. Wang Yuanhua On the complexity of liberalism
These words full of meaning, and particularly in the days after his death, for those of us living people. s just begun. a deep thinker, or worldly life will never be obscured, or, are celebrated far more than to be understood. We, like Mr. Yuan of course, knows this. However, even if just to pay homage to Mr. element of the soul in heaven, we shall show in this preliminary work here.
understand the premise: experience and expression of < br> As Hayek (F. Hayek) in his life claiming to be the most important academic works Whitehead (N. Whitehead) years writing in the hundreds of millions of years in evolution, the formation of three from lower to higher basic structure of the mm, respectively known as the there may be conflicts between the three structures. For example, in the current stage of this evolution, according to brain scientists Leduokesi (J. LeDoux) interpretation of the human brain of mammalian brain structure and brain structure has not yet fully compatible with the new , so each individual can be a result of suicide or madness inherent conflict. On the other hand, although there is no clear data show that the human brain of mammals, reptiles, brain structure and brain structure can not be spontaneous coordination exists between the conflict, we still may assume that the possibility of conflict between them. Because, for each individual, there is indeed a temporary imbalance between the emotional and physical situation.
Hayek has repeatedly returned to his old age early so-called Element Psychology foundation years after the remarkable progress in brain science. is Vernon. Smith (V. Smith), in 2005 because of will lead to this (S. Peirce) and second-generation master James (W. James), and with this idea is closely related to the thinkers of the traditional Mach (E. Mach), Bergson (H. Bergson), Whitehead. Here, we refer to is included in behavior of it? hh we build our conduct on the facts known to us, for these facts, we can just based on our memories. hh I understood as a kind of pragmatism to clarify certain concepts meaningful way, not all the meaning of the concept, but only l reason that I call the meaning of the concept of r, that is, the meaning of some concepts, as some conclusions related to the objective facts may be the structure of these concepts basis. hh on a rational determination of the full meaning of the concept to be included among such an assertion: in some conceivable scenario (or scenarios on the realization of these cases in a more or less uncertain portion This determination should be the mode), this subject should be determined in some common way of acting hh must be based on memory (experience) of the rational decision-making process. Second, the decision-making process involves Do you believe it is true, it will more or less imagination to change your environment to change your behavior. Fourth, these concepts are universal, it means that we can follow the behavior of a generally applicable model. Fifth, it is the views of Hayek and Smith, these so-called these signals into different categories. Then, in order to save memory, it is Bergson's view, these signals are different categories to different Each concept is a more low-level neural network to a more advanced level highlights the neural network-level attention by causing cognitive brain. holding can be found in the corresponding neural network or neural.
According to Dewey (J. Dewey, pragmatism, the third-generation master) released in 1925 on the re-interpretation of James Pierce and the United States is Pragmatism Europe, the new development of classical individualism, individualism from the classical view of the world into eternal individualist dynamic of contemporary world view, so more conducive to innovation and progress (see a person the feeling of the surrounding environment, inevitably mm due to congenital factors and acquired factors, there is a fine degree of difference. these differences, to borrow the language of modern mathematics, we can elaborate with different degrees of at the So, it must be incorporated into another set of more refined concept of a collection of some of the topology of B and B is a subset of A. On the contrary is not inevitable. As the universal language of set theory, than a description of the topology Hayek describes the more likely the original and contemporary social science, forming the academic discourse.
behavior in humans, it is necessary to be meaningful, otherwise fall into madness. to the individual, as mentioned above, the classification of the brain of the world (or topology) of the difference between a fine and rough. However, we do not think that the topology of fine topology will be more than a rough environment to adapt to human survival. On the contrary, we believe that human beings must also maintain different levels of fine mind in order to maximize the adaptation and development.
everyone's mind based on more or less fine a classification model, each individual action, only within his classification model, with a meaning what scientists call the any understanding, you must first have the feelings of the importance of expression and on. On the importance of feelings, Whitehead is defined as: when the urge to feel some kind of expression that should not have to, it will have the importance of such feelings. Therefore, and expression of the importance, both to each other explanation. expression, can be used for the formation of the mind to be classified on the world of fine topology different levels have different degrees of complexity.
perspective of evolutionary epistemology, understanding of each individual followed the concepts: the so-called everyone's mind, can only be understood by those who have expressed the importance to the mind. Note, psychological research has already indicated that more importance, in fact, can not be expressed, they are latent, unconscious. Only in this way, Bergson and Whitehead founded the be understood. unless they have the same mind topology, how can they fully understand each other it? reason than the spoken word important, as expressed by the words the importance of feelings, even if not understood by his contemporaries, may still be long-term preservation and broad understanding of future generations, and this is the so-called are descendants of the human mind to understand. because the complexity of expression can vary, may, depending on the nature of social interaction can also vary because of changing times.
In short, for the above interdisciplinary research the rise in recent years such as ; evolutionary psychology study provides us with the complexity of liberalism dimension. In the real issue before, especially in the face of the reality of China, the complexity of liberalism, or liberal with complex,cheap UGG boots, often showing relative to other advantage of the type of thinking. With this advantage, and in extreme situations within the complex, we were able to adhere to the
Human beings are social mammals, a, life is both The most significant features of personality is behavior such as economic, political, social, emotional, and faith, and the like overlap. economic activity to support the body, to maintain regeneration, renewal species. political action group designed to express the demands of the mediation of conflict of interest, in the group among the sublimation of individuality. between social behavior refers to all non-utilitarian nature of the individual exchanges, aimed at easing the economic behavior and political behavior by the accumulated unsuitability. emotional behavior is the first private nature, happiness, sadness, fear, known as the limited space-time sense of permanence.
the so-called is relative to the ), as opposed to have important differences, leading to different civilizations. and the differences, resulting in a different ethical and religious.
when the contact between different civilizations, each person within the culture to judge , that is, his criterion of cultural traditions can provide. Therefore, the so-called transformation began in the modern transformation of traditional Chinese culture, modern Chinese cultural tradition began in the difficult transition to a system of mm from the objects, and then to the culture, tradition and cultural roots until the back, short and art is So back to the institutional level, search for the way the Chinese system of human emotion.
the past three decades, our way of life and emotions to become what the? broad participation of intellectuals in China's Some misleadingly called way between the way our inner feelings of serious conflict. In this conflict, the Chinese intellectuals, regardless of his position is liberal or the New Left, or whether or not he has a definite position, he could not help position in the West to resolve this conflict. In other words, the nineties debate that field that we have not found a real way to resolve this conflict. history and logic to achieve the same through the evolution. hundred years, the life gradual manner and irresistible to the West Country village of mm generally replaced by the industrial city is characterized by the traditional Chinese culture is completely the emotional approach seems to have disappeared completely with the emotional and lifestyle conflicts can not be a long way continuity. Today, the Chinese people and friends to emotional mm such as, love, family closely related to emotional expression, more or less a mix of modern methods the traditional way. However, no one walking the streets in the West the Chinese will immediately noticed the difference between him and the West, internal, emotional and cultural differences.
such a naive question occurred: the extent to which Chinese and Westerners will merge into a new, both emotional way beyond Earth? To answer this question, we must ask a question mm deep we call the and emotional conflict between the way?
this is the complexity of the problem in China, on the one hand, the contemporary Chinese people and Chinese people's traditional way of life between the way of serious emotional conflicts. On the other hand, even if the total Westernization, Chinese people are still people, like the industrial age into the lifestyle and emotional conflict between the way.
industry principles, simply put, is the principle of economies of scale. To achieve greater economies of scale industrialists We tried to all aspects of social production Therefore, market competition as the principle of maximizing profits mm mm as industrialists to obtain economies of scale in the most , want to stop but can not, for three hundred percent profit margin at jumping into the abyss.
an input or output for each standard, in fact, professional process. Smith observed the division of labor and pin manufacture professionalization process, he found a dozen very ordinary by the composition of the division of labor group, the per capita output can be hundreds of times per day higher than the one most skilled chef's daily output. As a result, found a magic way of human way to get rich source of national wealth mm is the professional division of labor induced. division of labor and specialization, that is, everyone in the area of narrowing the process of becoming more familiar. Chicago School economists thought Instructor, Knight (Frank Knight) was clearly recognized that the maximum cost of division and specialization of labor alienation mm is good, he adopted the > Thus, when market forces gradually into all of society and life within the scope of its role, each individual's life will be gradually and irresistible in his division in the process of social production and the resulting specialization the process of tearing, or, with Jung's terms, every modern people suffer from split personality disorder mm of, a logician is likely to give yourself and others confined to professional life in a holistic manner logical, psychological analyst is likely confined to a professional set themselves and others living in the endless psychological analysis in. In the final analysis, can not distinguish between a dream to fix the meaning of life. The ancient Greeks once every seven libations God, drunk, crazy behavior, completely free from the shackles of reason. Russell research, Worship from the local deity of Asia Minor to see that dominate the world of traditional Western rationalism, mysticism become the undercurrent, exposed to every aspect of life under the sun of reason. So, the West no longer has the ability to cure his mental illness.
What is a rational ;, the residual is incompatible with mysticism.
As Lin Yutang said: life is technology Westerners, the Chinese art of life is. although its for the art, it can not be covered within the logic. technology to conquer for the life She added, to create the mission of art life. Technical knowledge of life in pursuit of the highest realm of art to open the wisdom of life as the highest level. The pursuit of knowledge lead to ; nothing to desire . this dilemma, used to be known as the To what extent can be curbed? It is also called within the modern transformation of contemporary China's social economic and political transformation began with observations from the perspective of a far, then, is the proletariat and its allies dominated the political domination and economic subversion. subvert the insurgents, is that the object of the revolution the bourgeoisie and its allies mm.
However, this the same period of history, if Liang Shuming alive, we speculate that he will be pointed out that Chinese society has never been a The Separation of the standard and professional. every relationship with others, because the first is ethical and therefore can not be a class. Is Going to a farmer's son, after reading what the class should belong to? And if his brother turn and business, among them what are relations between classes? from the heart, is the relationship between nature and ethics. generated from the body, is economic and political relations. Thus, in fact, a revolution that originated in the revolutionary nature of Chinese society misunderstanding. to solve the fundamental problems of Chinese society, channels can only be ethical and not be political.
Today, we know the nature of Chinese society who seem distant Marxist and Liang Shuming, who passed away on the end of the century between views, both as a political also involves ethics, both personal and related to people about. or the views of Mr Leung: People poultry Distinction, in person, is served for the heart-shaped, in poultry, is the heart of a slave. Today Chinese people, struggling to make the Battle for the heart-shaped heart of a slave and not make. More commonly, they are sometimes for the birds and sometimes for others, is showing the plight of the Chinese people's hearts mm lifestyle in the market system has been incorporated into the ways in which emotion has refused to be included within the market system.
Smith in the be explained. Smith, the cornerstone of moral philosophy, one is the with Smith that sense and sense of justice. Hume here, not to inform. Smith's view of this, make appropriate principle mm and that any unbiased observer to see a fully informed of any act of sympathy were excited by the intensity of feeling will coincide with the local social norms, too strong or too weak, are all biased. Accordingly, the national differences in ethical systems used by the appropriate principle modeling of different cultural traditions to unify the mental differences of interpretation.
One of the differences between Chinese and Western society is the difference between a sense of justice. In the West, mainly due to the influence of the millennium of the Christian tradition of religious reforms and the rationalization of the market economy process, Knight pointed out that based on the West into a In China, mainly due to the historical differences and transition complexity of the problem in China, a sense of justice is not, or even just driven not by the exchange,UGG shoes, otherwise we would be difficult to explain the prevalence of sense of justice in the reflection of society in transition.
Similarly, in the West and in China, also showed a sense of kindness are important differences. Westerners kindness to universalism as the norm, the so-called Chinese people's kindness, a special doctrine to regulate the so-called br> We propose a deep problem mm we call the fundamental problem, and secondly, as long as the contemporary transformation of Chinese society is still dominated West, it is the social transformation of China's fundamental problems. us on this issue, the reason to be long in length, as previously published in various areas thesis has never been clearly expressed the the reaction process, therefore, free-market economic system and political system is the underlying trend of this process. China complexity of the problem is that people in the 1949-1979 period based on the planned system life experience under the free market as a underlying trend in Chinese society during the period 1979-1989, got a great driving force for self-realization. At the same time, specifically to stimulate the free market and trying to meet the market life of each person involved in the desires mm it is dark in many ways and destructive mm and thus leaving the allocation of resources more efficient. Although and the logical relationship between desires means that less restrictive means of pursuing selfish desires of others and understand the desires of the people will be rich. why so active in the community as a whole.
started in the mid-1990s, we felt right at the beginning due to the configuration of the reform unfair and unsupervised power of pathological conditions caused by the mass market, the process of the unfair allocation of wealth (the so-called sex. First of all, on the one hand, to ultimately improve the welfare level of each of us to introduce the market mechanism and, indeed more efficient than government mechanisms, and therefore have the moral legitimacy. On the other hand, the inner and the market mechanism the accumulation of unequal allocation occur simultaneously, is due to perform a transition government We know that in any society, any system can be sustained on the premise that the moral legitimacy, and is the political and legal legitimacy.
Second, the transition, the Government has been hard to avoid corrupt practices to occur, because the above pathological process that the market has been going on long enough time, enough to collapse of the behavior of the planning system specification and planning system that have not yet been destroyed traditional social values. In fact, the values of traditional society in the past hundred years , in the far end of the commenced the process of the market, it is a resentment, and economic development of market-based mechanisms at the same time, it should be a market to correct the pathological process for the basic right to liberty and civil development of democratic politics. However, as Polanyi (M. Polanyi) have pointed out, that democracy is a political art, its popularity and success rely heavily on public participation in democratic politics, the extent to which the door of this political art to master. Otherwise, as Hayek warned repeatedly that democracy can easily degenerate into the majority tyranny, it would undermine freedom, and in the long run it will subvert democracy.
Fourth, as the above is considered to be generally failed, this also means that future participation in the democratic political and moral influence of the mass required and the general lack of political accomplishment.
Fifth, as noted above, any ideas that could be properly understood, must be be properly expressed. from Western society's concept of freedom and democracy, not in Chinese culture to obtain their correct expression.
view of the above reasons, the liberal ideology in China, need to become more complex. It To take into account the of different emotional ways, but also take into account the position can not be defined once and for all has nothing to do with the specific context of br> Mr. Wang Yuanhua the complexity of liberalism
in June 25, 2003 published in I think one starting to show some of the basic concept of human rights, fear plays a major role. hh why this Government's policy to carry out more smoothly, more access to people? It is because the current government emphasis on ethical responsibility to human life the first place, this is a crucial condition. However, for such measures themselves, it is not yet implemented in the system before, can only resort. the use of such administrative means, to a certain extent, or the rule of man rather than the rule of law. it depends on enlightened leadership, otherwise, use the same administrative measures will produce different consequences (such as the Great Leap Forward is a case in the past). We can not place undue reliance on this administrative means, because it can be used for a while, but not feasible is to long. hh it can only be in the system has not yet been completed, the goal of political civilization, before the realization of the means to be adopted. Without a high-profile fall into empty talk, we can only say that on the basis of the existing, it is also no more effective program to follow. I even think that political reform is completed in one round of a longer period before, they still can only be the case. The premise must be a natural the concept of ethics and human rights responsibilities of government. Alternatively, once given up the establishment of reform and political civilization, can not stand this be, then, will flow to the new authoritarianism, and this is the spirit of modern democracy Different Ways of Jingwei. pursuit of self-serving politicians increasingly dominate the power structure within, at least, not until the realization of democracy completely overwhelmed politicians pursue private interests.
He also noted that: the good human nature, Without added value, foster and consolidate, will be fleeting. Meanwhile, we should see ...